Timber · Solid timber, hardwood · orthotropic

D40

Name: D40 — material properties (EN 338:2016)
Creator: BadgerMecX

EN 338:2016 · strength class, 12 % moisture reference

D40 is a hardwood strength class to EN 338:2016. Its characteristic bending strength is 40 MPa. Along the fibres E₁ = 13 GPa; across them E₂ = 0.87 GPa.

Record: timber-d40
Library: v1.1.0
Properties: 14
Sources: 1
Build check: passed ✓
Viewing as: guest

E₁ · Modulus, direction 1 13GPa mean^[1]

f_m,k · Bending strength 40MPa char^[1]

f_t,0,k · Tension parallel to grain 24MPa char^[1]

ρ · Density 660kg/m³ mean^[1]

Elastic constants

orthotropic

Symbol	Property	Value	Unit	Basis	Ref.
E₁	Modulus, direction 1 ⓘ E_0,mean, along the grain	13	GPa	mean	[1]
E₀,₀₅	Modulus parallel to grain, 5 % fractile	10.9	GPa	char	[1]
E₂	Modulus, direction 2 ⓘ E_90,mean, across the grain	0.87	GPa	mean	[1]
E₃	Modulus, direction 3 ⓘ E_90,mean — the standard does not separate radial and tangential	0.87	GPa	mean	[1]
G₁₂	Shear modulus 1-2 ⓘ G_mean	0.81	GPa	mean	[1]
G₁₃	Shear modulus 1-3 ⓘ G_mean	0.81	GPa	mean	[1]

Physical, thermal and electrical

at 20 °C

Symbol	Property	Value	Unit	Basis	Ref.
ρ	Density	660	kg/m³	mean	[1]
ρ_k	Density, characteristic (5 % fractile)	550	kg/m³	char	[1]

Strength

a band applies up to and including its upper limit

Symbol	Property	Value	Unit	Basis	Ref.
f_m,k	Bending strength	40	MPa	char	[1]
f_t,0,k	Tension parallel to grain	24	MPa	char	[1]
f_t,90,k	Tension perpendicular to grain	0.6	MPa	char	[1]
f_c,0,k	Compression parallel to grain	27	MPa	char	[1]
f_c,90,k	Compression perpendicular to grain	5.5	MPa	char	[1]
f_v,k	Shear strength	4.2	MPa	char	[1]

Notes

EN 338 and EN 14080 give no Poisson's ratios; a 3D analysis needs them from another source.

Sources

every value names one

EN 338:2016, Structural timber — Strength classes, Tables 1 and 3Copies checked: 1, 2, 3

min product standard minimum char characteristic design code value for design typical datasheet or textbook derived worked out here, formula shown

Cite this page

for reports and papers

BadgerMecX Materials (2026). D40 — material properties, EN 338:2016. Library v1.1.0, record timber-d40. https://badgermecx.com/materials/timber-d40/ (accessed 2026-10-08).

@misc{badgermecx_timberd40,
  title  = {D40 -- material properties, EN 338:2016},
  author = {{BadgerMecX Materials}},
  year   = {2026},
  note   = {Library v1.1.0, record timber-d40},
  url    = {https://badgermecx.com/materials/timber-d40/}
}

Export and related

SI units, every value with basis and source