Steel · Structural steel · isotropic

S235

Name: S235 — material properties (EN 10025-2)
Creator: BadgerMecX

EN 10025-2 · hot rolled, non-alloy

S235 is a structural steel to EN 10025-2. Its minimum yield strength is 235 MPa up to 16 mm thick and falls in steps to 195 MPa at 100–150 mm. E = 210 GPa, ν = 0.3 and α = 12 × 10⁻⁶/K (design values).

Record: steel-s235
Library: v1.1.0
Properties: 12
Sources: 5
Build check: passed ✓
Viewing as: guest

E · Young's modulus 210GPa design^[1]

ν · Poisson's ratio 0.3– design^[1]

f_y · Yield strength (R_eH / R_p0.2) 235MPa min^[2]t ≤ 16 mm

f_u · Tensile strength (R_m) 360MPa min^[2]t ≤ 100 mm

ρ · Density 7850kg/m³ design^[3]

α · Coefficient of thermal expansion 1210⁻⁶/K design^[1]

λ · Thermal conductivity 53.33W/(m·K) derived^[3]

c_p · Specific heat capacity 439.8J/(kg·K) derived^[3]

Elastic constants

isotropic

Symbol	Property	Value	Unit	Basis	Ref.
E	Young's modulus	210	GPa	design	[1]
G	Shear modulus ⓘ EN 1993-1-1 3.2.6: G = E/(2(1 + ν)) ≈ 81 000 MPa	81	GPa	design	[1]
ν	Poisson's ratio	0.3	–	design	[1]
K	Bulk modulus K = E / 3(1 − 2ν)	175	GPa	derived	—
λ_L	Lamé constant λ_L = Eν / (1 + ν)(1 − 2ν)	121.2	GPa	derived	—
c₀	Bar wave speed c₀ = √(E/ρ)	5172	m/s	derived	—

Physical, thermal and electrical

at 20 °C

Symbol	Property	Value	Unit	Basis	Ref.
α	Coefficient of thermal expansion ⓘ up to 100 °C	12	10⁻⁶/K	design	[1]
ρ	Density ⓘ independent of temperature (EN 1993-1-2 3.2.2)	7850	kg/m³	design	[3]
λ	Thermal conductivity ⓘ λ_a = 54 − 3.33×10⁻²·θ at θ = 20 °C	53.33	W/(m·K)	derived	[3]
c_p	Specific heat capacity ⓘ c_a = 425 + 0.773θ − 1.69×10⁻³θ² + 2.22×10⁻⁶θ³ at θ = 20 °C	439.8	J/(kg·K)	derived	[3]
a	Thermal diffusivity a = λ / (ρ·c_p)	15.45	mm²/s	derived	—

Strength

a band applies up to and including its upper limit

f_y [MPa] · t [mm]

Property	t ≤ 16	16–40	40–63	63–80	80–100	100–150	Basis	Ref.
f_y Yield strength (R_eH / R_p0.2) MPa	235	225	215	215	215	195	min	[2]
f_u Tensile strength (R_m) MPa	360	360	360	360	360	350	min	[2]
f_u,max Tensile strength, upper limit MPa	510	510	510	510	510	500	min	[2]
f_y (T3.1) Yield strength, EN 1993-1-1 Table 3.1 MPa	235	235	215	215	—	—	nominal	[1]
f_u (T3.1) Tensile strength, EN 1993-1-1 Table 3.1 MPa	360	360	360	360	—	—	nominal	[1]

Symbol	Property	Value at t = 16 mm	Unit	Basis	Ref.
f_y	Yield strength (R_eH / R_p0.2) ⓘ R_eH, minimum, by nominal thickness	235	MPa	min	[2]
f_u	Tensile strength (R_m) ⓘ R_m lower limit; the 100 mm band starts at 3 mm	360	MPa	min	[2]
f_u,max	Tensile strength, upper limit ⓘ R_m upper limit of the range	510	MPa	min	[2]
f_y (T3.1)	Yield strength, EN 1993-1-1 Table 3.1	235	MPa	nominal	[1]
f_u (T3.1)	Tensile strength, EN 1993-1-1 Table 3.1	360	MPa	nominal	[1]

Properties against temperature

20–1200 °C

Nonlinear material models

for FE analysis

Fatigue strength curves

direct stress ranges

Notes

EN 1993-1-1 3.2.1 lets the design take f_y = R_eH and f_u = R_m,min from EN 10025-2, or the simplified values of its Table 3.1; the National Annex may choose.

Sources

every value names one

EN 1993-1-1:2005, Eurocode 3 — Design of steel structures — General rules, 3.2.6 and Table 3.1Copies checked: 1
EN 10025-2:2019, Hot rolled products of structural steels — Part 2: non-alloy structural steelsCopies checked: 1
EN 1993-1-2:2005, Eurocode 3 — Structural fire design, 3.2.1 (Table 3.1), 3.2.2 (Figure 3.1) and 3.4.1 (thermal properties of steel)Copies checked: 1, 2, 3

min product standard minimum char characteristic design code value for design typical datasheet or textbook derived worked out here, formula shown

Cite this page

for reports and papers

BadgerMecX Materials (2026). S235 — material properties, EN 10025-2. Library v1.1.0, record steel-s235. https://badgermecx.com/materials/steel-s235/ (accessed 2026-10-08).

@misc{badgermecx_steels235,
  title  = {S235 -- material properties, EN 10025-2},
  author = {{BadgerMecX Materials}},
  year   = {2026},
  note   = {Library v1.1.0, record steel-s235},
  url    = {https://badgermecx.com/materials/steel-s235/}
}

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