D18 vs D45

D45 is 1.4 times as stiff as D18. It is 1.2 times as dense. Per unit mass D45 is 1.2 times as stiff. Strength: f_m,k = 18 MPa for D18, f_m,k = 45 MPa for D45.

D18 EN 338:2016 D45 EN 338:2016

Side by side

ratio = D45 / D18 · log scale

Property	D18	D45	Unit	Ratio
E₁ Modulus, direction 1	9.5	13.5	GPa	1.42×
E₂ Modulus, direction 2	0.63	0.9	GPa	1.43×
E₃ Modulus, direction 3	0.63	0.9	GPa	1.43×
G₁₂ Shear modulus 1-2	0.59	0.84	GPa	1.42×
G₁₃ Shear modulus 1-3	0.59	0.84	GPa	1.42×
E₀,₀₅ Modulus parallel to grain, 5 % fractile	8	11.3	GPa	1.41×
ρ Density	570	700	kg/m³	1.23×
ρ_k Density, characteristic (5 % fractile)	475	580	kg/m³	1.22×
f_m,k Bending strength	18	45	MPa	2.5×
f_t,0,k Tension parallel to grain	11	27	MPa	2.45×
f_t,90,k Tension perpendicular to grain	0.6	0.6	MPa	1×
f_c,0,k Compression parallel to grain	18	29	MPa	1.61×
f_c,90,k Compression perpendicular to grain	4.8	5.8	MPa	1.21×
f_v,k Shear strength	3.5	4.4	MPa	1.26×
E/ρ Specific stiffness E/ρ · derived	16.67	19.29	MJ/kg	1.16×
c₀ Bar wave speed √(E/ρ) · derived	4082	4392	m/s	1.08×
f/ρ Specific strength f/ρ · derived	31.58	64.29	kJ/kg	2.04×

Values at the first thickness band or product form of each material (EN 338:2016; EN 338:2016). A minimum and a characteristic value are not the same kind of number — read the ratio as a guide. Each material's page lists every band and every source.